Thursday, March 1, 2012

References (Part X)



<View the contents outline here.>


References


UPDATES (April 10, 2012)

  • (19) DrsFostersSmith.com
  • (20) Tripod.com
  • (21) Bulldoginformation.com
  • (22) Hamster Hideout Forums
  • (23) LVMA.org
  • (24) HamSoc.org.uk
  • (25) ArcheoZoo.org
  • (26) Reznik, Gerd.. Clinical anatomy of the European hamster, Cricetus cricetus, L.. Bethesda, Maryland. UNT Digital Library. Accessed April 8, 2012.
  • (27)ExoticNutrition.com
  • (28) NutritionData.self.com
  • (29) LacrimaHamstery.blog.com
  • (30) Hamsterific.com
  • (31) Veterinary Support Personnel Network (VSPN.org)


  • References:





  • (1) Care Sheet for Hamsters, Hunt's Veterinary Clinics


  • (2) HAMSTERS: Use in Research, Gibson and Brady


  • (3) Syrian Hamster lovers Care guide, Burgess Pet Care


  • (4) Breeding Syrian Hamsters, Pethamsters.co.uk


  • (5) Caring for your Hamster, Mark Burgess


  • (6) Hamsters, The Pet Advantage


  • (7) Hamsters Fact Sheet, YPTE


  • (8) Syrian Hamster - Facts & Care Sheet, Fresh fields Animal Rescue
  • Hamster Health Issues / Diseases (Part IX)



    Hamster Health Issues / Diseases



    ═════════════════════
    ·                     Hamsters' specific issues and diseases
    ·                     Common Health Issues and Red Flags
    ·                     Disease Susceptibility
    ·                     Recognition of Hamster Diseases
    ·                     Hamster Conditions
    1.                  Teeth Problems
    2.                  Toothless Hamsters
    3.                  Trauma
    4.                  Respiratory infection
    5.                  Head tilt (wry neck, torticollis)
    6.                  Hypothermia
    7.                  Fight wounds
    8.                  Bladder Stones
    9.                  Cancer
    10.              Abscesses
    11.              UPDATE: Wet Tail (Proliferative Ileitis)
    1.                   
    1.                  Hamster-safe Wet Tail Management 
    12.              Salmonellosis
    13.              Rabies
    14.              Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
    15.              Demodectic Mange
    16.              Intestinal Parasites
    17.              The pinworm and the tape test
    ·                     *Hibernating
    ·                     Hamster resuscitation
    ·                      
    ·                     SPECIAL: Hamster Medications
    o                  Antimicrobials
    o                  Antiparasitics
    o                  Miscellaneous drugs for various conditions
    o                  Routes of Administration

    ═════════════════════
    Health Problems (3)

















  • Hamsters' specific issues and diseases with some images available (10) 






















  • Common Health Issues and Red Flags to watch our for (9)










  • Disease Susceptibility

  • Hamsters tend to be affected by relatively few naturally occurring diseases. Their susceptibility, however, to a host of infectious diseases of other animals, including people, and the case with which these diseases can be transmitted to hamsters have made them very popular laboratory animals for biomedical research. ‘Teddy bear’ hamsters and other genetic varieties tend to be much more susceptible to disease and sensitive to antibiotics and other drugs than golden hamsters. (1)








  • Recognition of Hamster Diseases

  • Because hamsters are very small, nocturnal (night- active) and not closely observed, the early signs of illness are frequently overlooked or not noted at all. Hamster owners must be constantly vigilant for signs of illness and must seek immediate veterinary assistance when illness is suspected. (1)

    Sick hamsters often become irritable and frequently bite. They are usually reluctant to move about and walk stiffly when forced to do so. Their eyes often look dull and sunken, and frequently have a discharge. Sick hamsters often stop eating or greatly reduce their intake of food. Consequently, weight loss is a common sign (not necessarily an easy one to recognize) of illness in hamsters. Fluid losses from diarrhea also may cause marked weight loss. Sudden intestinal disease (with accompanying diarrhea) is the most common illness of hamsters, especially amongst those being weaned or recently weaned. If the serious accompanying dehydration is not recognized immediately and corrected with appropriate fluid therapy at the direction of a veterinarian, death is probable. (1)

    Predisposing factors of bacterial diseases (11) 










  • Hamster Conditions








  • Teeth Problems

  • The incisor (front, gnawing) teeth grow continuously for the life of the hamster (this is true for all rodents). They receive continuous wear as the uppers and lowers contact each other,

    Hamsters and humans (Part VIII)




  • Hamsters and humans

  • ═════════════════════
    ·                     Hamsters and humans
    ·                     Hamsters as children’s pets
    ·                     Human Allergies to Hamster Dander

    ═════════════════════


    The main predators of grey hamsters are mink and stoats. Other hamsters are killed by foxes, birds of prey, domestic dogs and cats. Common hamsters have sometimes been trapped by man for their fur and are considered to be a pest because they dig up root vegetables and eat other crops. Dogs were used to hunt the hamsters, following them by sight. The species is thought to be in no danger of extinction, even though its numbers have been reduced over the years through modern farming methods.(7)

    Until 1930, it was assumed that the golden hamster was extinct as a species. Then, in 1930, near the ancient town of Aleppo in Syria, a Jewish archaeologist by the name of Aaron Abrahams, came across a nest containing a small rodent with twelve babies that he could not identify. He carefully placed the family into a container and had them taken to the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. There they were identified as golden hamsters and, under laboratory conditions, encouraged to

    Breeding Considerations (Part VII)



  • Breeding Considerations

    ═════════════════════
    ·                     UPDATE: Simple Breeding Terminologies
    ·                     Sexing adult hamsters
    ·                     Sexing hamsters through:
    1.                  anogenital distance and;
    2.                  posterior features
    ·                     Lordosis
    ·                     UPDATE: What Mothers should eat
    ·                     UPDATE: What should be removed from the cage
    ·                     Young hamsters
    ·                     Baby Syrians Timeline
    ·                     Sexing pups

    ·                     UPDATE: Types of Hamster Breeding
    o                  In-breeding
    o                  Line-breeding
    o                  Out-crossing
    o                  Out-breeding

    ·                     UPDATE: Common Breeding Misconceptions
    ·                     SPECIAL: What to do if your Hamster pups were abandoned
    o                  If the little ones are 12 to 14 days old
    o                  In the event the pups are 10 days or less
    o                  Pups 8 days and younger
    ═════════════════════



    (NOTE: THIS BLOG AND ITS OWNER DO NOT ENCOURAGE IRRESPONSIBLE AND UNETHICAL BREEDING OF HAMSTERS (AND PERHAPS ALL ANIMALS)

  • SIMPLE BREEDING TERMINOLOGIES:
  • (by HH's Plushie) (22)

    • PUPS are baby hamsters.
    • A group of hamster pups is called a LITTER.
    • WEANING is when baby animals are put onto solid food. You may see the mom refusing to feed her pups, this is normal during weaning and you need not intervene.
    • GESTATION is how long the mother is pregnant: from the time the egg(s) are fertilized to the time of the birth. (For example, in humans this is normally 9 months.)
    • CULLING is another term for when a mother animal kills her offspring. In the case of hamsters, this is often due to mom feeling threatened and/or thinking that she cannot raise the pups (e.g. in a large litter she may cull some so the litter is easier to manage). Often, if a hamster culls her pup she will also eat it.





  • Sexing adult hamsters


  • The sex of adult hamsters is easy to determine. Males have very large, prominent testicles. In fact, owners unaccustomed to seeing them are often astonished at these anatomic peculiarities. (1)
    Sexual identification in hamsters is similar to other rodents, the anogenital distance in the male is greater than in the female.(13)
    In adult hamsters, the male has a pronounced posterior bulge due to the testes in the scrotum. The adult female has a more blunt posterior.(13)


  • Sexing hamsters through anogenital distance and posterior features (13) 




  • What you'll need for breeding (4)




  • The Estrous (Breeding) Cycle


  • The image above shows the regular four day estrous cycle of female hamsters. The rising and falling curve above
    the baseline on the graph indicates the period of receptivity to the male, or behavioral estrus. The blue column in day 2 marks the occurrence of a white, stringy, odorous
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